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May 14th, 2008

A little environmental math

When I rent a car, how many miles I must drive per day to justifythe added cost of choosing a spiffy, high-tech, environmentally friendly Toyota Prius considering the extra rental cost, the hybrid’s fuel economy and the cost of gas? Let’s do a little math!

let c\! = the cost of gas for a given distance of travel (in dollars).

let p_1\! = the mileage of a conventional car (in miles per gallon).

let p_2\! = the mileage of the Prius (in miles per gallon).

let d\! = the distance traveled in one day (in miles).

let v\! = the cost of gas (in dollars per gallon).

let x\! = the daily extra rental cost of a Prius over a conventional car (in dollars).

Let’s begin by figuring out the relationship between all these units of measurement.

$ = \frac{$}{gallon} \times \frac{gallons}{mile} \times miles

Now can show the relationship between all our variables.

c = v \times \frac{1}{p} \times d

which simplifies to

c = \frac{vd}{p}

Finding the break-even driving distance (of rental fees plus fuel cost) means calculating c\! for the conventional car, c\! for the Prius (plus x\!, the additional Prius daily rental cost), creating an equation making them equal and solving for d\!. Here we go!

\frac{vd}{p_1} = \frac{vd}{p_2} + x

Solving for d\! requires a little bit of high-school algebra.

{p_2}vd = {p_1}vd + {p_1}{p_2}x\!

or

{p_2}vd - {p_1}vd = {p_1}{p_2}x\!

and

vd(p_2 - p_1) = {p_1}{p_2}x\!

finally:

d = \frac{{p_1}{p_2}x}{v(p_2 - p_1)}

I rented a Prius today and averaged 45 MPG with it. The rental cost me $6
more than the car I would have otherwise ended up with, say a Chevrolet Cobalt (ugh, pfft, ackpth) with an EPA city mileage rating of 22 MPG. Today’s gas price was $3.89. Was it worth it?

d = \frac{22 \times 45 \times 6}{$3.89 \times (45 - 22)} = \frac{5940}{89.5} = 66

I would have had to drive 66 miles per day for the Prius upgrade to make financial sense. I drove 65, so I’m calling that good enough. My smug emissions are justified!

Plus I wasn’t driving around in a Chevy Cobalt. Eww.

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